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Гингивит у кошек
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Гингивит – воспаление десны. Заболевание встречается не часто и по большей части связано с зубными проблемами, нарушением правил кормления животных, а также при недостаточном поступлении в организм витаминов А и С.
Причины возникновения Основная причина возникновения гингивита у кошек кроется в проблемах с зубной системой. Считается, что воспаление десны – это первый признак начинающихся разрушительных процессов в тканях, окружающих зуб.
Привести к патологии может:
неправильный прикус, когда хаотично расположенные зубы ранят внутреннюю поверхность; нарушение работы пищеварительного тракта; авитаминоз, особенно сильно на деснах отражается недостаток витамина С и витамина А – так называемых витаминов здоровья и иммунитета; зубной камень; кариес. Все это эндогенные (внутренние) причины, связанные с общим здоровьем питомца. Но есть внешние факторы, оказывающие непосредственное влияние на развитие болезни.
Самый распространенный из них – неправильное кормление, а точнее неправильные продукты. Например, трубчатые кости, которые умудряются давать питомцам некоторые владельцы, своими острыми краями травмируют слизистую оболочку ротовой полости.
Сначала образуются небольшие ранки – микротрещины, в них поселяются и размножаются микробы. Естественно, через время воспалительный процесс затронет прилегающие ткани, вызывая отек, покраснение, кровотечение и боль.
Подобную картину можно наблюдать при случайном попадании в рот острых предметов, например, во время подвижных игр или при профилактических или лечебных манипуляциях во рту, проводимых кошачьими стоматологами.
К экзогенным, то есть внешним факторам, также относят воздействие:
облучения (например, лучевой терапии или больших доз рентгена); влияние химических веществ; инфекционные процессы – гингивит нередко сопровождает такие вирусные болезни, как кальцивироз , ринотрахеит, панлейкопения . Признаки При гингивите десны у животного отечны и болезненны. Гингивит у кошек может протекать как в легкой форме, так и в тяжелой с образованием язвочек.
Самыми распространенными симптомами будут:
краснота слизистой оболочки; отек десен; кровоточивость; болезненность; повышенное слюноотделение; при сильных болях или генерализованном процессе, когда затронута вся поверхность десен, животное будет отказываться от корма. В случае образования язвочек ухудшается и общее состояние кошки: пропадает настроение, повышается температура тела, питомец становится безучастным к окружающему, больше лежит или спит. Вдобавок появляется неприятный запах изо рта , в некоторых случаях увеличиваются подчелюстные лимфатические узлы.
Чем дольше не предпринимается мер к купированию процесса, тем больше шанс, что зубы начнут расшатываться, выпадать, и в итоге животное вообще станет беззубым.
Вовремя не вылеченный гингивит таит и другую опасность: он может быть причиной воспалительных процессов в кишечнике и даже стать воротами для более серьезных инфекций, которые в обычном состоянии для животного не представляют никакой опасности.
Профилактические мероприятия Профилактика на самом деле простая:
следить за состоянием зубов животных, проводя периодические осмотры; не забывать чистить зубы щеткой хотя бы раз в неделю; правильно кормить, обращая внимание на состав корма; в зимние месяцы вводить в рацион витаминные подкормки, летом же не забывать использовать специальную травку для кошек, насыщенную необходимыми для иммунитета элементами; вовремя чистить зубной камень. Диагноз Диагностика не вызывает никаких затруднений – опытный специалист при визуальном осмотре сразу распознает болезнь. При постановке диагноза одним из главных моментов является выявление причины болезни, ведь не секрет, что только исключив воздействие болезнетворного фактора, можно излечить питомца.
Как проводится лечение При любой форме гингивита у кошек требуется индивидуальный подход, и терапевтические мероприятия будут зависеть от формы и тяжести процесса.
В основном прибегают к санации ротовой полости, цель которой уничтожить патогенные микробы:
зубной налет чистят с помощью щетки; если есть зубной камень, то его тоже счищают с помощью специальных методов в специализированной клинике; после этого проводят обработку слизистой оболочки дезинфицирующими растворами или мазями; в качестве оных могут выступать Мирамистин, Метрогил Дента, Дентаведин и т. д. Если простая санация не помогает, то прибегают к удалению зуба, приведшего к развитию гингивита.
При сильных воспалительных процессах приходится прибегать к антибиотикотерапии, правда, их использование без острой необходимости нецелесообразно. Антибиотики отрицательно влияют на иммунитет, а когда нет иммунитета, то нет и здоровья.
Гингивит – заболевание, которое при вовремя принятых мерах не несет угрозы жизни кошки. Выполняя простые правила ухода и содержания, избежать его вполне возможно. Здоровья вам и вашим питомцам!
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